These fundamental questions can be understood to be at the core of all problems that relate to the distinction between church and state. They are central to the long-standing human problem of constructing human governments through the so-called "social contract". The primary focus of this memorandum is on exploring the distinction between the "title-transfer model" of contracts, which is appropriate in secular courts, from the "promise-expectation model", which is appropriate in religious courts. The model of contracts that unites these two is what this memorandum calls the "property-interest model".

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